Debbie Gibson to headline the 2013 Long Island Pride Parade and Festival

name	Long Island
image name	Long Island US map.gif
image caption	Kings, Queens, Nassau and Suffolk Counties on Long Island, showing county and municipal boundaries
image size	250px
locator map
map caption	Long Island (New York state)
native name	Paumanok
native name link	Amerindian language
location	Atlantic Ocean
coordinates
area sqmi	1401
length mi	118
width mi	23
highest mount	Jayne's Hill401 ft (122 m)
country	United States
country admin divisions title	State
country admin divisions
demonym	Long Islander
population	7,686,912
population as of	2012
density mi2	5,402.1
ethnic groups	54.7% White, 20.4% African American, 0.49% Native American, 12.3% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 8.8% other races, and 3.2% from two or more races; 20.5% Hispanic or Latino of any race
additional info	}}

Long Island is an island in the U.S. state of New York. Stretching northeast into the Atlantic Ocean, Long Island contains four counties, two of which (Brooklyn and Queens) are boroughs of New York City, and two of which are mainly suburban (Nassau and Suffolk). In popular usage, "Long Island" often refers only to Nassau and Suffolk counties in order to differentiate them from New York City, although all four counties are on the island and part of the New York metropolitan area.

With a Census-estimated population of 7,686,912 in 2012, Long Island is the most populated island in any U.S. state or territory, and the 17th-most populous island in the world (ahead of Ireland, Jamaica and the Japanese island of Hokkaid?). Its population density is . If it were a state, Long Island would rank 13th in population (after Virginia) and first in population density.

Both the longest and the largest island in the contiguous United States, Long Island extends eastward from New York Harbor to Montauk Point, and has a maximum north-to-south expanse of between the northern Long Island Sound coast and the southern Atlantic coast. With a land area of 1,401 square miles (3,629?km²), Long Island is the 11th-largest island in the United States and the 148th-largest island in the world ? larger than the of the smallest state, Rhode Island.

Two of New York City's major airports, LaGuardia Airport and JFK International Airport, are located on Long Island, in Queens. Nine bridges and 13 tunnels (including railway tunnels) connect Brooklyn and Queens (and thus Long Island) to the three other boroughs of New York City. Ferries connect Suffolk County northward across Long Island Sound to the state of Connecticut.

Overview

The westernmost end of Long Island contains the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn (Kings County) and Queens (Queens County). The central and eastern portions contain the suburban Nassau and Suffolk counties. However, colloquial usage of the term "Long Island" usually refers only to Nassau and Suffolk counties. For example, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York's Long Island District is separate from that of New York City. The more dense and urban Brooklyn and Queens are not usually referred to as "Long Island", since they are a part of New York City, although before those counties amalgamated into the city, they were often so identified.

Nassau County is more developed than Suffolk County, with pockets of rural affluence within the Gold Coast of the North Shore and the Five Towns area on the South Shore. South Shore communities are built along protected wetlands of the island and contain white sandy beaches of Outer Barrier Islands fronting on the Atlantic Ocean. Dutch and English settlers from the time before the American Revolutionary War, as well as communities of Native Americans populated the island. The 19th century saw the infusion of the wealthiest Americans in the so-called Gold Coast of the North Shore, where wealthy Americans and Europeans in the Gilded Age built lavish country homes. Today, although many of the massive estates have been demolished, many exist in their original state, while others have become parks, arboretums, universities and museums.

Owing to economic growth and the suburbanization after World War II, Nassau was the fastest growing county in the United States from the 1950s to the 1970s. Suffolk County remains less congested despite substantial growth in high technology and light manufacturing sectors since 1990, although traffic has been increasing in recent years. In its easternmost sections, Suffolk remains small-town rural, as in Greenport on the North Fork and some of the outward areas of The Hamptons, although summer tourism swells the population in those areas. Western Suffolk, such as the towns of Huntington and Babylon, are becoming increasingly more populated and are beginning to resemble towns in Nassau.

According to the US Census Bureau's 2008 American Community Survey, Nassau and Suffolk counties have the 10th and 25th highest median household incomes in the nation, respectively. Additionally, Nassau County is the third-richest county per capita in New York State, and the 30th richest in the nation. Long Island's Nassau County has the second-highest property taxes in the United States. Suffolk County has redeveloped North Fork potato fields into a burgeoning wine region. The South Fork is known for beach communities, including the world-renowned Hamptons, and for Montauk Point, home of Montauk Point Lighthouse at the eastern tip of the island.

Geography

Geology

Long Island, as part of the Outer Lands region, is formed largely of two spines of glacial moraine, with a large, sandy outwash plain beyond. These moraines consist of gravel and loose rock left behind during the two most recent pulses of Wisconsin glaciation during the Ice Ages some 21,000 years ago (19,000 BC). The northern moraine, which directly abuts the North Shore of Long Island at points, is known as the Harbor Hill moraine. The more southerly moraine, known as the Ronkonkoma moraine, forms the "backbone" of Long Island; it runs primarily through the very center of Long Island, roughly coinciding with the length of the Long Island Expressway.

The land to the south of this moraine to the South Shore is the outwash plain of the last glacier. One part of the outwash plain was known as the Hempstead Plains, and this land contained one of the few natural prairies to exist east of the Appalachian Mountains.

The glaciers melted and receded to the north, resulting in the difference between the North Shore beaches and the South Shore beaches. The North Shore beaches are rocky from the remaining glacial debris, while the South Shore's are crisp, clear, outwash sand. Jayne's Hill, at , within Suffolk County near its border with Nassau County, is the highest hill along either moraine; another well-known summit is Bald Hill in Brookhaven Town, not far from its geographical center at Middle Island. The glaciers also formed Lake Ronkonkoma in Suffolk County and Lake Success in Nassau County, each a deep kettle lake.

Climate

Long Island has a climate similar to other coastal areas of the Northeastern United States; it has warm, humid summers and cool wet winters. Long Island is classified as humid subtropical by some definitions and humid continental by others. The Atlantic Ocean helps bring afternoon sea breezes that temper the heat in the warmer months and limit the frequency and severity of thunderstorms. Long Island has a moderately sunny climate, averaging between 2,400 and 2,800 hours of sunshine annually.

Average yearly snowfall totals range from approximately , with the north shore and western parts averaging more than the south shore and the east end. In any given winter, however, some parts of the island could see up to or more. There are also some very quiet winters, in which most parts of the island could see less than .

Long Island is somewhat vulnerable to hurricanes. Its northern location and relatively cool waters tend to weaken storms to below hurricane strength by the time they reach Long Island, although despite this, some storms have made landfall at Category 1 or greater strength, including two unnamed Category 3 storms: the 1938 New England Hurricane (also known as the Long Island Express) and another in 1944. Named hurricanes that crossed Long Island include Hurricane Donna in 1960, Hurricane Belle in 1976, Hurricane Gloria in 1985, Hurricane Bob in 1991 (brushed the eastern tip) and Hurricane Floyd in 1999. (There is debate among climatologists as to whether Hurricane Floyd made landfall as a Category 1 or as a very strong "almost hurricane strength" tropical storm. The official records note it as the latter.) In August 2011, portions of Long Island were evacuated in preparation for Hurricane Irene, a Category 1 hurricane which turned into a tropical storm before it reached Long Island.

On October 29, 2012, Hurricane Sandy, a slow-moving superstorm reached the area causing 90% of Long Island households to lose power and an estimated $18 billion in damages in Nassau & Suffolk Counties alone. The extent of Sandy's damages are second only to those caused by the 1938 Long Island Express (even though the Sandy's barometric pressure was lower and set a record).

Only adding to the damage, Nor'easter Athena followed 9 days later (November 7, 2012), causing more damages, 60,000 more power outages, transportation shutdowns, up to 5" of heavy snow, and a temporary halt to recovery efforts for the initial damage caused by the hurricane. In addition, residents who were previously evacuated during the hurricane and had returned to their homes, had to be evacuated again due to the possibility of higher than normal tides further damaging an already compromised shoreline.

Additional Islands

In addition to the main island, several smaller islands comprise what is collectively considered Long Island. These islands include Fire Island, Plum Island, Robins Island, Gardiners Island, Fishers Island and Shelter Island.

Demographics

thumb|left|250px|The [[Koreatown, Long Island|Long Island Koreatown (? ???? ?????) originated in Flushing, Queens before sprawling eastward along Northern Boulevard and eventually into Nassau County. This Koreatown abuts the rapidly growing Flushing Chinatown (?????) as well.]]

Long Island is one of the most densely populated regions in the United States. As of the United States 2010 Census, the total population of all four counties of Long Island was 7,568,304, which is 39 percent of the population of the State of New York. New York City's portion of the census was 4,735,538, with Brooklyn's population at 2,504,700 and Queens having 2,230,722 residents. Long Island's Census-estimated population has susbsequently increased 1.6% since 2010, to 7,686,912 in 2012.

As of the 2010 census, the combined population of Nassau and Suffolk counties was 2,832,882 people; Suffolk County's share at 1,493,350 and Nassau County's at 1,339,532. Nassau County had a larger population for decades, but Suffolk County surpassed it in the 1990 census as growth and development continued to spread eastward.

As Suffolk County has over twice the land area of Nassau County, the latter still has a much higher population density. Combining all four counties, Long Island's population is greater than 38 of the 50 United States. If it were an independent nation, Long Island would rank as the 96th most populated nation, falling between Switzerland and Israel.

Population figures from the U.S. Census Bureau Census 2010 show that whites are the largest racial group in all four counties, and are in the majority in Nassau and Suffolk counties. In 2002, The New York Times cited a study by the non-profit group ERASE Racism, which determined that Nassau and Suffolk counties are the most racially segregated suburbs in the United States.

Catholics are the largest religious group on Long Island, with non-affiliated in second place. Catholics make up 52% of the population of Nassau and Suffolk, versus 22% for the country as a whole, with Jews at 16% and 7% respectively versus 1.7% nationwide. Even more surprising is the small percentage of Protestants, 7% and 8% respectively, for Nassau and Suffolk Counties, versus 23% for the entire country on the same survey, and 50% on self-identification surveys.

Long Island has a substantial Italian-American population. About 26% of Long Island residents claim Italian ancestry. 28% of Suffolk County residents claim Italian ancestry.

More recently, a Little India has emerged in Hicksville; while rapidly growing Chinatowns have developed in Brooklyn and Queens and have spread into Nassau County. The Long Island Koreatown (? ???? ?????) originated in Flushing, Queens before sprawling eastward along Northern Boulevard and eventually into Nassau County.

A 2010 article in The New York Times stated that the expansion of the immigrant workforce on Long Island has not displaced any jobs from other Long Island residents, and that, in fact, half the immigrants on Long Island hold white-collar positions.

42.8 2,230,722 1,339,532 1,493,350 7,568,304 19,378,102 308,745,538

+align=top	Racial groups, ethnicity, and religious groups on Long Islandcompared to state and nation
align=left	County	! Population2010census	! %white	! %blackorAfricanAmerican	! %Asian	! %Other	! %mixedrace	! %Hispanic/Latinoof anyrace		Roman Catholic Church>Catholic	! % notaffiliated	! %Jewish	! %Protestant	! Estimateof % notreporting
align=left	2,504,700	|	34.3	10.5	9.3	3.0	17.6		37	4	15	8	33
align=left	Queens	|	39.7	19.1	22.9	13.7	4.5	27.5		29	37	11	5	15
align=left	Nassau	|	73.0	11.1	7.6	5.9	2.4	14.6		52	9	16	7	15
align=left	Suffolk	|	80.8	7.4	3.4	5.9	2.4	16.5		52	21	7	8	11
align=left	Long Island Total	|	54.7	20.4	12.3	9.3	3.2	20.5		40	18	12	7	20
align=left	NY State	|	65.7	15.9	7.3	8.0	3.0	17.6		42	20	9	10	16
align=left	USA	|	72.4	12.6	4.8	7.3	2.9	16.3		22	37	2	23	12

History

At the time of European contact, the Lenape people (named the Delaware by Europeans) inhabited the western end of Long Island, and spoke the Munsee dialect of the Algonquian language family. Giovanni da Verrazzano was the first European to record an encounter with these people, after entering what is now New York Bay in 1524. The eastern portion of the island was inhabited by speakers of the Mohegan-Montauk-Narragansett language group of the same language family, indicative of their ties to the aboriginal peoples inhabiting what is now Connecticut and Rhode Island. In 1609, the English navigator Henry Hudson explored the harbor and may have landed at Coney Island. The western portion of Long Island was later settled by the Dutch, while the eastern region was settled by English Puritans from New Haven, Connecticut, settling in Southold on October 21, 1640.

From the first half of the 17th century the Conklin family and other related families, like the Ketchums, Smiths, and Gardiners, owned the entire area of Long Island, Gardiners Island, and Manhattan.

Indian deeds to the Dutch from 1636 state that the Indians referred to Long Island as "Sewanhaka", "Sewanhacky", and "Sewanhacking". Sewan was one of the terms for wampum (commemorative stringed shell beads, for a while also used as currency by colonists in trades with Native Americans), and is also translated as "loose" or "scattered", which may refer either to the wampum or to Long Island itself. The name "t'Lange Eylandt alias Matouwacs" (later shortened to "Lange Eylandt") appears in Dutch maps from the 1650s. Later, it was often called "Nassau Island" by the English, after the Dutch Prince William of Nassau, Prince of Orange (who later also ruled as King William III of England). It is unclear when the name "Nassau Island" was discontinued.

Until 1664, jurisdiction of Long Island was split, roughly at the present border between Nassau County and Suffolk County between the Dutch in the west and Connecticut claiming the east. The Dutch had granted an English settlement in Hempstead (now in Nassau) in 1644, but drove out English settlers in Oyster Bay as part of a boundary dispute. In 1664, all of Long Island came under English dominion, when the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam was taken over by the English and renamed New York.

The 1664 land patent granted to the Duke of York included all islands in Long Island Sound. The Duke of York held a grudge against Connecticut, as New Haven had hidden three of the judges who sentenced the Duke's father, King Charles I, to death in 1649. Settlers throughout Suffolk County pressed to stay part of Connecticut, but Governor Sir Edmund Andros threatened to eliminate the settlers' rights to land if they did not yield, which they did by 1676.

All of Long Island (as well as the islands between it and Connecticut) thus became part of the Province of New York within the Shire of York. Present-day Suffolk County was the East Riding (of Yorkshire), present-day Brooklyn was part of the West Riding, and present-day Queens and Nassau were just part of the larger North Riding. In 1683, Yorkshire was dissolved and the three original counties on Long Island were established: Kings, Queens, and Suffolk.

Early in the American Revolutionary War, the island was captured from General George Washington by the British in the Battle of Long Island, the largest battle of the entire war. The island remained a British stronghold until the end of the war, and was the center of much of General Washington's espionage activities, due to its proximity to the British military headquarters in New York City. After the British victory on Long Island many Patriots fled, leaving mostly Loyalists behind.

In the 19th century, Long Island was still mainly rural and agricultural. The predecessor to the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) began service in 1836 from the South Ferry, Brooklyn, through Brooklyn to Jamaica in Queens, and the line was completed to the east end of Long Island in 1844 (as part of a plan for transportation to Boston). Competing railroads (soon absorbed by the LIRR) were built along the south shore to accommodate travellers from those more populated areas. From 1830 until 1930, population roughly doubled every twenty years, and several cities were incorporated, such as the City of Brooklyn in Kings County, and Long Island City in Queens.

Until the 1883 completion of the Brooklyn Bridge, the only connection between Long Island and the rest of the United States was by boat. Other bridges and tunnels followed, and a suburban character spread as population increased. On January 1, 1898, Kings County and portions of Queens were consolidated into The City of Greater New York, abolishing all cities and towns within them. The easternmost of Queens County, which were not part of the consolidation plan, separated from Queens in 1899 to form Nassau County.

At the close of the 19th century, the communities along the North Shore of Long Island saw the construction of large "baronial" estates built by men who made vast fortunes during the Gilded Age. The availability of land with water views, along with the proximity to Manhattan, made men like J. P Morgan, William K Vanderbilt, Charles Pratt create clumps of estates that would give the area its moniker, Gold Coast. Books like The Great Gatsby chronicle their lives and the era.

From the 1920s to the 1940s, Long Island began the transformation from backwoods and farms to the paradigm of the American suburb. Numerous branches of the LIRR already enabled commuting from the suburbs to the city. Robert Moses engineered various automobile parkway projects to span the island, along with beaches and state parks for the enjoyment of residents and visitors from the city. Gradually, development also followed these parkways, with various communities springing up along the more traveled routes.

After World War II, Long Island's population skyrocketed, mostly in Nassau County and western Suffolk County. People who worked and lived in New York City moved out to Long Island in new developments built during the post-war boom. The most famous post-war development was Levittown: the area became the first place to massively reproduce houses on a grand scale ? providing opportunities for GIs returning home to start a family. The immigration waves of southern and eastern Europe, followed by more recent ones from Latin America, have been pivotal in creating the diversity on Long Island that many other American regions lack. These immigrations are reflected in the large Italian American, Irish American, and Jewish American populations.

Economy

The counties of Nassau and Suffolk have been long renowned for their affluence.

From about 1930 to about 1990, Long Island was considered one of the aviation centers of the United States, with companies such as Grumman Aircraft, Republic, Fairchild, and Curtiss having their headquarters and factories on Long Island.

Long Island has played a prominent role in scientific research and in engineering. It is the home of the Brookhaven National Laboratory in nuclear physics and Department of Energy research.

In recent decades companies such as Sperry Rand, Computer Associates (headquartered in Islandia), Motorola Enterprise Mobility (now occupying the former headquarters of Symbol Technologies and a former Grumman plant in Holtsville), have made Long Island a center for the computer industry. Stony Brook University of the State University of New York conducts far-ranging medical and technology research.

Long Island is also home to the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, which was directed for 35 years by James D. Watson (who, along with Francis Crick, discovered the double helix structure of DNA).

Long Island is home to the East Coast's largest industrial park, the Hauppauge Industrial Park. The park has over 1,300 companies employing more than 71,000 Long Islanders. Companies in the park and abroad are represented by the Hauppauge Industrial Association. As many as 20 percent of Long Islanders commute to New York City jobs. The eastern end of the island is still partly agricultural. In the last 25 years, development of vineyards on the North Fork became a major new industry, replacing potato fields. Pumpkin farms have been added to traditional truck farming. Farms allow fresh fruit picking by Long Islanders for much of the year. Fishing continues to be an important industry, especially at Huntington, Northport, Montauk, and other coastal communities of the East End and South Shore.

Government and politics

Nassau County and Suffolk County each have their own governments, with a County Executive leading each. Each has a county legislature and countywide-elected officials, such as district attorney, county clerk, and county comptroller. The towns in both counties have their own governments as well, with town supervisors and a town council. Nassau County is divided into three towns and two small incorporated cities (Glen Cove and Long Beach). Suffolk County is divided into ten towns.

Brooklyn and Queens, on the other hand, do not have county governments. As boroughs of New York City, both have Borough Presidents, which have been largely ceremonial offices since the shutdown of the New York City Board of Estimate.

Long Island is home to two Native American Indian reservations, Poospatuck Reservation, and Shinnecock Reservation. Both Reservations are in Suffolk County. Numerous island place names are Native American in origin.

Law enforcement

Queens and Brooklyn are patrolled by the New York City Police Department; Nassau and Suffolk counties respectively have the Nassau County Police Department and Suffolk County Police Department. New York State Police patrol state parks and parkways; several dozen villages and the two cities in Nassau have their own police departments.

Both Nassau and Suffolk have a sheriff's office that handles civil process, evictions, warrant service and enforcement, prisoner transport and detention, and operation of the county jail.

Secession proposals

The secession of Long Island from New York was proposed as early as 1896, but talk was revived towards the latter part of the twentieth century. On March 28, 2008 Suffolk County, New York Comptroller Joseph Sawicki proposed a plan that would make Long Island (specifically, Nassau and Suffolk counties) the 51st state of the United States of America. Sawicki says that all the Long Island taxpayers' money would stay on Long Island, rather than the funds being dispersed all over the entire state of New York. The state of Long Island would include over 2.7 million people. So far Nassau County executives have not expressed interest in joining in the secession proposal, which would need to be approved by the NY State Legislature.

Transportation

Every major form of transportation serves Long Island, including John F. Kennedy International Airport, LaGuardia Airport, and Long Island MacArthur Airport, multiple smaller airports, railroads, subways, and several major highways. There are historic and modern bridges, recreational and commuter trails, and ferries serving various parts of all of Long Island.

The Long Island Expressway, Northern State Parkway, and Southern State Parkway, all products of the automobile-centered planning of Robert Moses, make east-west travel on the island straightforward, if not always quick.

There are currently ten road crossings out of Long Island, all within New York City limits at the extreme western end of the island. Plans for a Long Island Crossing at various locations in Nassau and Suffolk Counties (a proposed bridge or tunnel that would link Long Island to the south with New York or Connecticut to the north across Long Island Sound) have been discussed for decades, but there are currently no firm plans to construct such a crossing.

The MTA implements mass transportation for the New York metropolitan area, including all five boroughs of New York City, the suburban counties of Dutchess, Nassau, Orange, Putnam, Rockland, Suffolk and Westchester, all of which together are the "Metropolitan Commuter Transportation District (MCTD)".

The MTA is the largest public transportation provider in the Western Hemisphere. Its agencies serve 14.6 million people spread over 5,000 square miles (13,000?km?) from New York City through southeastern New York State (including Long Island and the lower Hudson Valley), and Connecticut. Combined the MTA agencies now move more than 2.6 billion rail and bus customers a year while employing some 70,000 workers.

Nassau Inter-County Express provides bus service in Nassau County, while Suffolk County Transit, an agency of the Suffolk County government, provides bus service in Suffolk County.

In 2012, NICE Bus Company replaced the former Long Island Bus in transporting Long Islanders across Nassau County while still allowing them to use the MTA metro cards as payment.

{| class=wikitable |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|Major roads of Long Island |- |valign="top"|West-East Roads

25px Sunrise Highway*

25px Belt Parkway / 20px Southern State Parkway

25px Grand Central Parkway / 20px Northern State Parkway

25px Long Island Expressway

|South-North Roads

25px Brooklyn-Queens Expressway

25px Van Wyck Expressway

25px Clearview Expressway

25px Cross Island Parkway

25px Meadowbrook State Parkway

25px Wantagh State Parkway

25px Seaford-Oyster Bay Expressway

25px Robert Moses Causeway

25px Sagtikos State Parkway

25px Sunken Meadow State Parkway

25px William Floyd Parkway |- |colspan=2| Roads in boldface are limited access roads. *Sunrise Highway is only limited-access from western Suffolk county eastwards. |}

Rail

The Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) is the busiest commuter railroad system in North America, carrying an average of 282,400 passengers each weekday on 728 daily trains. Chartered on April 24, 1834, it is also the oldest railroad still operating under its original name.

Education

Primary and secondary education

Long Island's Nassau and Suffolk counties are home to 125 public school districts containing a total of 656 public schools. In contrast, all of Brooklyn and Queens are served by the New York City Department of Education, the largest school district in the United States. Long Island is also home to a number of private and parochial schools.

Colleges and universities

; In Nassau & Suffolk Counties

Public:

institutions of the State University of New York

*Stony Brook University, including the main Stony Brook campus and the Stony Brook Southampton campus

*SUNY College at Old Westbury

*Farmingdale State College (Farmingdale)

*Nassau Community College (East Garden City)

*Suffolk County Community College ? three main campuses: in Selden, Brentwood, and Riverhead; plus two "satellite" centers in Sayville and downtown Riverhead

Federal Service Academies

*United States Merchant Marine Academy (Kings Point)

Private:

Adelphi University in Nassau County (main campus in Garden City) and Suffolk County (an Education and Conference Center in Hauppauge)

Briarcliffe College ? in Queens at Long Island City; Nassau at Bethpage; and Suffolk at Patchogue

Dowling College ? three campuses in Suffolk County (Oakdale, Shirley, and Melville)

Five Towns College in Suffolk County (Dix Hills)

Hofstra University in Nassau County (Hempstead and Uniondale)

Long Island University: C. W. Post Campus in Brookville in Nassau County, and two branch campuses in Suffolk County at Brentwood and Riverhead, and Brooklyn

Molloy College ? in Nassau County (Rockville Centre)

New York Institute of Technology ? main campus in Nassau (Old Westbury), campus also in Suffolk (Central Islip) and Manhattan

Polytechnic Institute of New York University (formerly Polytechnic University, now part of NYU) ? has a "Long Island Graduate Center" in Suffolk, at Melville, as well as the main campus in Brooklyn

Saint John's University ? Main campus in Queens, with a graduate center in Suffolk (Oakdale)

Saint Joseph's College ? campuses in Brooklyn and Suffolk (Patchogue)

SBI-Melville ? Sanford-Brown Institute campus in Suffolk County at Melville

Touro Law Center in Suffolk County (Central Islip)

Watson School of Biological Sciences in Nassau County (Laurel Hollow)

Webb Institute in Nassau County (Glen Cove)

;In Brooklyn and Queens:

institutions of the City University of New York

*Brooklyn College

*Medgar Evers College

*New York City College of Technology

*Kingsborough Community College

*Queens College

*York College

*City University of New York School of Law

*LaGuardia Community College

*Queensborough Community College

institutions of the State University of New York

*SUNY Downstate Medical Center (Brooklyn)

For other colleges in Brooklyn and Queens, see List of colleges and universities in New York City.

Media

Many Long Island organizations and companies have adopted the .li TLD as a domain hack.

Leisure and recreation

Resort areas

Food

Both Nassau and Suffolk County are home to thousands of restaurants. As New York is known as a melting pot, every kind of restaurant from Mexican to Hungarian to Indian can be found. These specialty restaurants are often family owned.

Small family-owned pizzerias are ubiquitous. It is not uncommon for a community on Long Island to have several different pizzerias, each with its own distinct flavor. The Long Island Pizza Festival & Bake-Off is an annual competition in which "mom and pop" pizzerias compete to be named best on Long Island.

Bagel stores and delis are common. Long Island bagels are considered some of the best in the world. Often more than one deli can be found in a community.

Diners also abound on Long Island; many are Greek- and German-owned, and many are open all night for late-night patrons.

Almost all major fast food and casual dining chains have a presence on Long Island.

Drink

The well known cocktail, the Long Island Iced Tea, was first created on Long Island. One of the most celebrated local beers is called Blue Point, named for the hamlet of the same name.

Roadside attractions

The Big Duck is a ferrocement building in the shape of a duck located in Flanders, New York, on Long Island. It was originally built in 1931 by duck farmer Martin Maurer in nearby Riverhead, and used as a shop to sell ducks and duck eggs. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.

Sports

Long Island is home to numerous famous athletes, including Hall of Famers Jim Brown, Julius Erving, John Mackey, Nick Drahos, and Carl Yastrzemski. Others include Gold Medalists Sarah Hughes and Derrick Adkins, D'Brickashaw Ferguson, Billy Donovan, Larry Brown, Rick Pitino, John McEnroe, Jumbo Elliott, Mick Foley, Zack Ryder, Matt Serra, Boomer Esiason, Vinny Testaverde, Craig Biggio, Frank Catalanotto, Greg Sacks, Rob Burnett, Steve Park, Frank Viola, Chris Weidman, Marques Colston and Speedy Claxton. Several current NHL Players such as Vancouver Canucks Christopher Higgins and Matt Gilroy, Dallas Stars Eric Nystrom, Toronto Maple Leaf Mike Komisarek, and Los Angeles King Rob Scuderi were all born and/or raised on Long Island. Both Komisarek and Higgins played on the same Suffolk County Hockey League team at an early age, and later played on the Montreal Canadiens together. Nick Drahos was an All Scholastic and All Long Island honoree at Lawrence High School, Nassau Co. in 1936 and 1937, and a 2-time Unanimous National College All-American in the years of 1939 and 1940 at Cornell University.

Ebbets Field, which stood in Brooklyn from 1913 to 1957, was the home of the Brooklyn Dodgers baseball team, who decamped to California after the 1957 season to become the Los Angeles Dodgers. The Dodgers won several National League pennants in the 1940s and 1950s, losing several times in the World Series?often called Subway Series?to their Bronx rivals, the New York Yankees. The Dodgers won their lone championship in Brooklyn in the 1955 World Series versus the Yankees. The Barclays Center, a new sports arena, business, and residential complex built partly on a platform over the Atlantic Yards at Atlantic Avenue, will serve as a new home for the Brooklyn Nets basketball team beginning in the 2012-13 NBA season. This move will mark the return to Long Island for the franchise, which played at Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum from 1972?1977.

The New York Mets baseball team plays at Citi Field in Flushing Meadows-Corona Park, Queens. Their former stadium, Shea Stadium was also home for The New York Jets football team from 1964 until 1983. The new stadium is designed with an exterior facade and main entry rotunda inspired by Ebbets Field. The Brooklyn Cyclones are a minor league baseball team, affiliated with the New York Mets. The Cyclones play at KeySpan Park just off the boardwalk on Coney Island in Brooklyn. Queens also hosts one of the four tennis grand slams, the US Open. Every August (September, in Olympic years) the best tennis players in the world travel to Long Island to play the championships, which is held in the USTA National Tennis Center, located adjacent to Citi Field in Flushing Meadows Park. The complex also contains the biggest tennis stadium in the world, the Arthur Ashe Stadium.

Nassau County is home to the New York Islanders of the National Hockey League. The Islanders have played at Nassau Coliseum in Uniondale since their inception in 1972. The Islanders will move to Barclays Center in Brooklyn in 2015, ensuring that the team will remain on Long Island. The New York Dragons of the Arena Football League also played their home games at Nassau Coliseum.

Long Island has been a hot spot for outdoor lacrosse at the youth and college level, which made way for a Major League Lacrosse team in 2001, the Long Island Lizards. The Lizards play at Mitchel Athletic Complex in Uniondale. The longest dirt Thoroughbred racecourse in the world is located in the Nassau County community of Elmont at Belmont Park. Long Island has also been at the forefront of Semi-Professional football. The Empire State Demon Knights of the Five Star Football League have called Long Island their home since they relinquished the name Kings County Wolfpack and moved to Suffolk County.

Long Island is also home to the Long Island Ducks minor league baseball team of the Atlantic League. Their stadium, Citibank Park, is located in Central Islip. The American Basketball Association's Strong Island Sound play home games at Suffolk County Community College. The two main rugby teams are the Long Island RFC in East Meadow and the Suffolk Bull Moose in Stony Brook. It also has a professional soccer club, the Long Island Rough Riders, who play at Mitchel Athletic Complex in Uniondale. The Rough Riders have won two national championships, in 1995 and 2002. The New York Mets had planned to move their Double-A farm team to Long Island, as part of the ambitious but now-defunct plan for Nassau county called The Lighthouse Project.

Another category of sporting events popular in this region are Firematic Racing events, involving many local Volunteer fire departments.

Long Island also has two horse racing tracks, the Aqueduct Racetrack in Ozone Park, Queens and Belmont Park on the Queens/Nassau border in Elmont, home of the Belmont Stakes.

Music

Music on Long Island (Nassau and Suffolk) is strongly influenced by the proximity to New York City and by the youth culture of the suburbs. Psychedelic rock was widely popular in the 1960s as flocks of disaffected youth travelled to NYC to participate in protest and the culture of the time. R & B also has a history on Long Island, especially in areas close to New York City. In the late 1970s through the 1980s, the influence of radio station WLIR-FM made Long Island one of the first places in the U.S. to hear and embrace European New Wave bands such as Depeche Mode, the Pet Shop Boys, and Culture Club. In the 1990s Hip-hop became very popular with rap pioneers Rakim and Public Enemy growing up on Long Island. Famous rock bands that originated on Long Island include Dream Theater, Blue ?yster Cult, Twisted Sister and guitar virtuosos Steve Vai and Joe Satriani.

The Nassau Coliseum and Nikon at Jones Beach Theater are venues used by national touring acts as performance spaces for concerts. Nikon at Jones Beach Theater is an outdoor amphitheatre, located at Jones Beach State Park. It is a popular place to view summer concerts, with new as well as classic artists performing there during the summer months. It hosts a large Fourth of July fireworks show every year which fills the stands. People also park cars along the highway leading to the show, and others watch from the nearby beaches.

Long Island is also known for its school music programs. Many schools in Suffolk County have distinguished music programs, with high numbers of students who are accepted into the state-wide All-State music groups, or even the National All-Eastern Coast music groups. Both the Suffolk County and Nassau County Music Educator's Associations are recognized by The National Association of Music Education (MENC), and host numerous events, competitions, and other music-related activities.

Long Island gallery

See also

Chinatown, Brooklyn (??????)

Chinatown, Flushing (?????)

Geography and environment of New York City

Koreatown, Long Island (? ???? ?????)

List of Long Islanders, famous residents of Nassau and Suffolk

List of people from New York City, including famous residents of Brooklyn and Queens

List of references to Long Island places in popular culture

Long Island Association

Long Island Marathon

Long Island Towns

Long Island Villages

Shoreham Nuclear Power Plant

Timeline of town creation in Downstate New York

Wardenclyffe Tower

Calverton National Cemetery

Brookhaven National Laboratory

Long Island (proposed state)

News 12 Long Island

Newsday

References

Category:Islands of New York City Category:Islands of Kings County, New York Category:Islands of Queens County, New York Category:Islands of Nassau County, New York Category:Islands of Suffolk County, New York

Source: http://article.wn.com/view/2013/04/30/Debbie_Gibson_to_headline_the_2013_Long_Island_Pride_Parade_/

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Check out the Best Anti-Aging Products 2013 Has to Offer | Articles ...

There are lots of anti aging products around, and if you want to know which are the best ones of 2013 you have to do some searching. We?ve done some of the research for you, and in this article you will find some very effective products. Taking supplements and using skin care products to fight aging are necessary, but you must also be responsible for eating a healthy diet and getting sufficient exercise.

The reishi mushroom, a very beneficial food for your health, is contained in the New Chapter LifeShield Reishi supplement. Research has shown that reishi mushrooms have a variety of benefits. This mushroom has been used for years in Asian medicine and culture as an aid to staying youthful and full of vigor longer. Other important benefits to be derived from including the reishi mushroom in your diet include its help in lowering cholesterol levels and high blood pressure, as well as acting as an anti-inflammatory throughout your body. The reishi mushroom is also a good choice to help keep your immune system strong. A very powerful and potent strain of the reishi mushroom is used in the formulation of this supplement. You can be assured that you are receiving the maximum benefits from this natural supplement produced by LifeShield Reishi. You can probably find reishi mushrooms at Asian markets or in the Asian section of your supermarket; however, they aren?t always available or easy to locate. For this reason, it?s easier to take it in supplement form. A Probiotic Anti-Aging product from New Chapter gives you a food-based medium from natural organic foods that contains 10 probiotic strains. It also contains healthy foods such as blueberries, green tea, and organic ginger. One very important function of probiotics, besides helping us stay healthy, is maintaining the health of our digestive systems. Probiotics, however, are hard to supply to your body simply through the food you eat. When you eat, your digestion breaks down the food into the necessary nutrients your body requires for optimum health. This is why your digestive system is so important. New Chapter Probiotic Anti-Aging gives you a diversity of healthy food-based nutrients that promote good health and longevity. It contains no dairy, so it?s a good source or probiotics for people who are lactose intolerant.

Omega-3 fatty acids are one of the most important elements you want to have included in your anti-aging supplements. Taking fish oil capsules every day is a convenient method of ensuring you get sufficient Omega-3 fatty acids. Nevertheless, if you don?t like fish oil capsules, you can find other sources of Omega-3 fatty acids with a little research. These fatty acids are classed as anti-inflammatory and also help your joints and blood vessels remain strong and healthy. Another fatty acid that is instrumental to good health is Omega-6. Fortunately, it occurs in a variety of foods and we normally get what our body requires through our diet. Omega-3s are less common, unless your diet contains a lot of seafood. So, as we mentioned above, be certain that from the anti-aging products you use, you include one that has Omega-3 fatty acids.

The above are some of the best anti aging products of 2013. There are many others as well, and it?s up to you to identify your main concerns. You can reduce the amount of supplements your body needs ? but not all of them ? if you live as healthy of a life as you can, which includes exercise, and pure water. Nevertheless, due to the depletion of our soil and all the additives that are added to our foods, it is not reasonable to expect to get adequate nourishment from the food we consume.

Source: http://www.articlessquad.com/check-out-the-best-anti-aging-products-2013-has-to-offer/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=check-out-the-best-anti-aging-products-2013-has-to-offer

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Utah excels in economy and business: Chamber of Commerce report

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - When it comes to economic growth and business strength, there may be no better U.S. state than Utah, according to a report set to be released by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce on Monday.

The business association found that Utah, population 2.8 million, ranked third among all states in overall economic performance - a measure of how states' economies have fared over time in terms of jobs, gross domestic product, productivity and income.

Moreover, Utah was the only state to make the top 10 lists for all five of the "policy" areas the Chamber assessed - exports, innovation and entrepreneurship, business climate, talent pipeline and infrastructure.

"Utah is the strongest job growth performer behind North Dakota ... The state is becoming known as a professional services and finance center," said the Chamber. "Manufacturing is a competitive advantage for the state. Over the past decade, Utah's manufacturing sector saw a slight increase in employment during a time when national manufacturing employment contracted by 22.51 percent."

Utah's unemployment rate is one of the lowest among the states at 4.9 percent in March 2013, according to the U.S. Labor Department.

Each year the Chamber ranks states according to various economic and business measures for its "Enterprising States" report. This year, fortune seemed directly tied to technology and engineering across the five areas the Chamber evaluates.

For exports, Utah came in third after Louisiana and Texas, primarily because it is a major supplier to the world of electronic memory circuits, aircraft engines and parts, vehicle airbags and X-ray equipment, according to the Chamber.

Utah had top rankings in entrepreneurship mostly because it is establishing high-tech businesses at a fast rate.

The Chamber also considered Utah strong in the "talent pipeline" area, which looks at both education and training as well as job assistance programs after the state legislature approved funds to foster more engineering graduates and software developers.

Technology was even a factor for Utah's top ranking in infrastructure, with the Chamber emphasizing Utah's high-speed data connections alongside the high quality of the state's bridges.

For the business climate measure, which assesses the influence of government-related costs on local businesses, the Chamber put Utah sixth because of its high small-business lending activity, low taxes and laws.

Technology also gave Maryland and Virginia a boost in the Chamber's report.

The Chamber ranked Maryland first in entrepreneurship, largely because of its research and development and its science and technology employment growth, and Virginia third partly for having the highest share of businesses in high-tech industries.

Still, the extraction and the commodities boom continues to prove crucial for jobs, business and incomes in most states.

North Dakota's "stratospheric growth" from the oil and natural gas industry put it first on the list of economic performance, followed by Texas, which has added 41,000 jobs in natural resources extraction in the last two years, according to the Chamber.

Three other energy heavyweights completed the top 10 economic performance list, with Wyoming fourth, Oklahoma seventh and Louisiana eighth.

The Chamber of Commerce is not the only one to notice that certain states are bounding ahead as the recovery from the 2007-09 recession unfolds. Earlier this month, Standard & Poor's Ratings Service said it expected to find the strongest growth this year in the Rocky Mountain region, including Utah and Wyoming, and in the West South Central area encompassing Louisiana, Oklahoma and Texas.

(Reporting By Lisa Lambert; Editing by Kenneth Barry)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/utah-excels-economy-business-chamber-commerce-report-040329836.html

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Roger Ebert dies after long cancer battle

Ebert (Getty Images)

Renowned Chicago Sun-Times film critic Roger Ebert died Thursday after a long battle with cancer. He was 70.

Ebert's struggle with thyroid cancer, chronicled in a 2010 cover story by Esquire, lost him part of his jaw and the ability to eat and speak. He communicated through a computer program, and reached his many fans through Twitter and his blog, gaining admiration for his relentlessly positive attitude about his disease.

Ebert's death comes two days after he announced a "leave of presence" due to his health.

"For a generation of Americans?and especially Chicagoans?Roger was the movies," President Barack Obama said in a statement. "When he didn't like a film, he was honest; when he did, he was effusive?capturing the unique power of the movies to take us somewhere magical."

Film critics are mourning Ebert's loss on Twitter, a medium Ebert avidly embraced.

"Ebert was singular," New York Times critic A. O. Scott tweeted. "We are all in his shadow and his debt."

"Roger Ebert was my hero," Scott Jordan Harris, a blogger for London's Telegraph and Ebert's U.K. correspondent, wrote on Twitter. "More recently he became my boss and my friend. I will be forever honoured. I loved him."

"Man, I feel so lucky and so sad at the same time," Chris Jones, who wrote the Esquire cover story, tweeted. "I'll miss you Roger, very much."

"One of my favorite quotes, by Henry James, is: 'Three things in human life are important: The first is to be kind; the second is to be kind; and the third is to be kind,'" Time Out New York film critic and New York Film Critics Circle Keith Uhlich wrote in an email to Yahoo News. "That was Roger Ebert, a man somehow able to treat even undignified subjects?be it a godawful movie or a life-threatening illness?with clear-eyed compassion."

"Next time I see a movie, I doubt I'll ask myself what Ebert would think of it," writer Mark Harris, "Oscarologist" for Grantland, tweeted. "But I'll ask much better questions of myself because of him."

Filmmakers also took to Twitter to pay their respects to Ebert.

"Millions of thumbs up for you," Oscar-winning filmmaker Michael Moore wrote on Twitter. "RIP."

?We lost a thoughtful writer," Darren Aronofsky tweeted. "I remember my first review from him ... it was a career highlight.?

"It was a privilege to interact with you," screenwriter Diablo Cody wrote. "Thank you for the support, the criticism, and the true love for the movies.?

Director Cameron Crowe called Ebert a "clear-eyed dreamer" and "king of the written word."

"A film critic with the soul of a poet," actress Annabella Sciorra wrote on Twitter.

For 24 years, Ebert collaborated with fellow Chicagoan film critic Gene Siskel, until his death in 1999. The two were opposites, who fought like cats and dogs, according to Ebert himself.

"They were like a couple of ... cartoon characters," a friend said of them in an oral history of their partnership. "If you drew them, you couldn?t quite do the real thing justice?especially in the early days with those 1970s clothes. They didn?t look alike, they didn?t sound alike, and they didn?t think alike. They both had a much different delivery?Roger more contemplative and Gene kind of pushy."

But film reviews were only part of Ebert's legacy.

"A great journalist and critic, his last chapter was his most inspiring," David Axelrod, President Obama's former adviser and fellow Chicagoan, tweeted.

"His film reviews and great movie essays are the easy pick-up-and-thumb-throughs," Uhlich wrote, "but it is his blogs on disease and death that I will personally cherish?they are some of the most profound, cut-to-the-quick articles I've ever read on the subject."

"At this point in my life, in addition to writing about movies, I may write about what it's like to cope with health challenges and the limitations they can force upon you," Ebert wrote on Tuesday. "It really stinks that the cancer has returned and that I have spent too many days in the hospital. So on bad days I may write about the vulnerability that accompanies illness. On good days, I may wax ecstatic about a movie so good it transports me beyond illness." ("The Host," the most recent film Ebert reviewed, was not one of them.)

"I was perfectly content before I was born, and I think of death as the same state," Ebert wrote in 2011. "I am grateful for the gifts of intelligence, love, wonder and laughter. You can?t say it wasn?t interesting."

"Thank you for going on this journey with me," Ebert wrote on Tuesday. "I'll see you at the movies."

Below, a clip of Ebert defending "Return of the Jedi" on "Nightline" in 1983:

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/blogs/lookout/beloved-film-critic-roger-ebert-dies-70-204629958.html

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Senegal's Embassy in Rabat accused of refusing to repatriate ...

Morocco World News

Fez, April 3, 2013

A Senegalese student has just died in Fez and the Senegalese diplomatic representatives are allegedly unwilling to respond to the demands of the Senegalese community in Fez for the repatriation of the corpse to Senegal.

According to Mamadou War, a Senegalese student at the University of Fez, ?This is not the first time? that his country?s authorities have refused to repatriate the corpse of a deceased Senegalese student.

?Recently another Senegalese student died in Rabat who was finally buried there because the Senegalese community in Morocco lacked the means to send the corpse back to Senegal,? he told Morocco World News.

Now the Senegalese students in Fez (UGESM Union General des Etudiants et Stagaires au Maroc) say it will stage a demonstration in front of the Senegalese Embassy in Rabat if their demand goes unanswered.

?When we call the Senegalese diplomatic representatives they either do not answer the phone, or they just hang up,? the President of UGESM told Morocco World News.

?We will do what it takes to collect the needed money to repatriate the corpse to Senegal.

Source: http://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2013/04/85060/senegals-embassy-in-rabat-accused-of-refusing-to-repatriate-corpse-of-a-deceased-student/

Katherine Jackson

NY appeals court OKs Aereo live television service

NEW YORK (AP) ? An Internet company offering inexpensive live broadcast television feeds to computers, tablets and smartphones doesn't violate U.S. copyright law, a divided federal appeals court said Monday.

The 2-to-1 ruling by the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals cleared the way for Aereo Inc.'s expansion of its $8-a-month service, which had been limited to New York City until this year. Several weeks ago, the company expanded to New York City suburbs, including New Jersey and parts of Connecticut, and it has announced plans to expand to Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia, Washington and 18 other U.S. markets later this year.

Broadcasters including Fox, ABC, CBS, NBC and others had sued, saying Aereo copies and retransmits their programs as they are first aired without permission.

The ruling came in a preliminary stage of the case in federal court in Manhattan. More evidence must be presented to a lower court judge before she issues a final decision. Other legal challenges have been filed elsewhere against a budding industry that stands to challenge the dominance of cable or satellite companies that offer their licensed programming to consumers.

Aereo positions itself as a cheaper alternative to cable and satellite, though it offers far fewer channels, since it is only retransmitting the broadcast networks freely available to anyone with an antenna. (The exception is Bloomberg TV, the financial news channel that reached a deal with Aereo.)

Broadcasters have said in court documents that allowing Aereo to proceed without licenses could threaten the ability of broadcasters to produce marquee sports or awards show events, including the Academy Awards and the Grammys. They also say cable and satellite operators may decide to adopt Aereo's technology or cause revenues from those paying licensing fees to decline because the content is devalued. And they say Aereo's success would hurt their ability to license content on an on-demand basis over the Internet.

In a majority opinion written by Judge Christopher F. Droney, the appeals court said the Barry Diller-backed Internet company does not appear to violate copyright law because subscribers are assigned to their own tiny antennas at Aereo's Brooklyn data center. The antennas grab free over-the-air broadcasts, and Aereo streams the video to subscribers over the Internet. Customers can view programs on their computer, tablet or smartphone, receiving the transmissions over the Internet without additional hardware.

The appeals court relied in part on an earlier court case in which judges found that Cablevision System Corp.'s digital video recorder did not violate copyright law by copying and storing programs for each customer's use. A ruling against Aereo would conflict with its earlier decision in the Cablevision case, the majority said.

In a forcefully written dissent, Judge Denny Chin said Aereo violates the Copyright Act and called the company's individual tiny antennas a "sham." He said the company's system was a "Rube Goldberg-like contrivance, over-engineered in an attempt to avoid the reach of the Copyright Act and to take advantage of a perceived loophole in the law."

Chin said the company is able to broadcast things like the Super Bowl live to tens of thousands of subscribers because each subscriber has an individual antenna and a unique copy of the broadcast, thus enabling it to be considered by some in the eyes of the law as a private performance rather than a public one.

"Of course, the argument makes no sense. These are very much public performances," he wrote.

The majority opinion said Aereo is not the first to design systems to avoid copyright liability and noted that the same accusation could be made about Cablevision because the company created separate user-associated copies of each recorded program to comply with copyright law instead of using more efficient shared copies that might have been found to violate copyrights.

Dennis Wharton, executive vice president of the National Association of Broadcasters in Washington, said the group was disappointed.

"We agree with Judge Chin's vigorous dissent and, along with our members, will be evaluating the opinions and options going forward," he said.

CBS said in a statement: "As the courts continue to consider this case and others like it, we are confident that the rights of content owners will be recognized and that we will prevail."

Aereo CEO Chet Kanojia said he was grateful for the ruling, which he said "validates that Aereo's technology falls squarely within the law."

"We may be a small startup, but we've always believed in standing up and fighting for our consumers," Kanojia said. He added that the decision "sends a powerful message that consumer access to free-to-air broadcast television is still meaningful in this country."

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/495d344a0d10421e9baa8ee77029cfbd/Article_2013-04-01-TV%20on%20the%20Internet/id-7545720de8c64c23871d2210895bfa51

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